Partitioning.  This capability enables distributing portions of individual tables across a file system, according to rules which can be set when the table is created. In effect, different portions of a table are stored as separate tables in different locations, but from the user point of view, the partitioned table is still a single table. Syntactically, this implements a number of new extensions to the CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, and EXPLAIN ... SELECT statements. As of MySQL 5.1.6, queries against partitioned tables can take advantage of partition pruning. In some cases, this can result in query execution that is an order of magnitude faster than the same query against a nonpartitioned version of the same table. See Chapter 18, Partitioning, for further information on this functionality. (Author: Mikael Ronström)

Row-based replication.  Replication capabilities in MySQL originally were based on propagation of SQL statements from master to slave. This is called statement-based replication. As of MySQL 5.1.5, another basis for replication is available. This is called row-based replication. Instead of sending SQL statements to the slave, the master writes events to its binary log that indicate how individual table rows are effected. As of MySQL 5.1.8, a third option is available: mixed. This will use statement-based replication by default, and only switch to row-based replication in particular cases. See Section 16.1.2, “Replication Formats”. (Authors: Lars Thalmann, Guilhem Bichot, Mats Kindahl)

Plugin API.  MySQL 5.1 adds support for a very flexible plugin API that enables loading and unloading of various components at runtime, without restarting the server. Although the work on this is not finished yet, plugin full-text parsers are a first step in this direction. This allows users to implement their own input filter on the indexed text, enabling full-text search capability on arbitrary data such as PDF files or other document formats. A pre-parser full-text plugin performs the actual parsing and extraction of the text and hands it over to the built-in MySQL full-text search. See Section 22.2, “The MySQL Plugin API”. (Author: Sergey Vojtovich)

Event scheduler.  MySQL Events are tasks that run according to a schedule. When you create an event, you are creating a named database object containing one or more SQL statements to be executed at one or more regular intervals, beginning and ending at a specific date and time. Conceptually, this is similar to the idea of the Unix crontab (also known as a “cron job”) or the Windows Task Scheduler. See Section 19.4, “Using the Event Scheduler”. (Author: Andrey Hristov)

Server log tables.  Before MySQL 5.1, the server writes general query log and slow query log entries to log files. As of MySQL 5.1, the server's logging capabilities for these logs are more flexible. Log entries can be written to log files (as before) or to the general_log and slow_log tables in the mysql database. If logging is enabled, either or both destinations can be selected. The --log-output option controls the destination or destinations of log output. See Section 5.2.1, “Selecting General Query and Slow Query Log Output Destinations”. (Author: Petr Chardin)

Upgrade program.  The mysql_upgrade program (available as of MySQL 5.1.7) checks all existing tables for incompatibilities with the current version of MySQL Server and repairs them if necessary. This program should be run for each MySQL upgrade. See Section 4.4.8, “mysql_upgrade — Check Tables for MySQL Upgrade”. (Authors: Alexey Botchkov, Mikael Widenius)

MySQL Cluster.  MySQL Cluster is now released as a separate product, based on MySQL 5.1 but with the addition of the NDBCLUSTER storage engine. Clustering support is no longer available in mainline MySQL 5.1 releases. MySQL Cluster releases are identified by a 3-part NDB version number; currently, the MySQL Cluster NDB 6.3 and MySQL Cluster NDB 7.0 release series are available for production use.

Some of the changes in MySQL Cluster since MySQL 5.0 are listed here:

Many other new features and improvements have been made to the NDBCLUSTER storage engine in MySQL Cluster NDB 6.3 and MySQL Cluster NDB 7.0; for more information about these, see Section 17.1.4, “MySQL Cluster Development History”.

Backup of tablespaces.  The mysqldump utility now supports an option for dumping tablespaces. Use -Y or --all-tablespaces to enable this functionality.

Improvements to INFORMATION_SCHEMA.  MySQL 5.1 provides much more information in its metadata database than was available in MySQL 5.0. New tables in the INFORMATION_SCHEMA database include FILES, EVENTS, PARTITIONS, PROCESSLIST, ENGINES, and PLUGINS.

XML functions with XPath support.  ExtractValue() returns the content of a fragment of XML matching a given XPath expression. UpdateXML() replaces the element selected from a fragment of XML by an XPath expression supplied by the user with a second XML fragment (also user-supplied), and returns the modified XML. See Section 11.10, “XML Functions”. (Author: Alexander Barkov)

Load emulator.  The mysqlslap program is designed to emulate client load for a MySQL server and report the timing of each stage. It works as if multiple clients were accessing the server. See Section 4.5.7, “mysqlslap — Load Emulation Client”. (Authors: Patrick Galbraith, Brian Aker)

The log_bin_trust_routine_creators system variable (use log_bin_trust_function_creators).

The table_type system variable (use storage_engine).

The TYPE table option to specify the storage engine for CREATE TABLE or ALTER TABLE (use ENGINE).

The SHOW TABLE TYPES SQL statement (use SHOW ENGINES).

The SHOW INNODB STATUS and SHOW MUTEX STATUS SQL statements (use SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS SHOW ENGINE INNODB MUTEX).

The SHOW PLUGIN SQL statement (use SHOW PLUGINS).

The LOAD TABLE ... FROM MASTER and LOAD DATA FROM MASTER SQL statements (use mysqldump or mysqlhotcopy to dump tables and mysql to reload dump files).

The BACKUP TABLE and RESTORE TABLE SQL statements (use mysqldump or mysqlhotcopy to dump tables and mysql to reload dump files).

TIMESTAMP(N) data type: The ability to specify a display width of N (use without N).

The --master-xxx server options to set replication parameters (use the CHANGE MASTER TO statement instead): --master-host, --master-user, --master-password, --master-port, --master-connect-retry, --master-ssl, --master-ssl-ca, --master-ssl-capath, --master-ssl-cert, --master-ssl-cipher, --master-ssl-key.