Mail::Message::Replace::MailInternet(3)

NAME
Mail::Message::Replace::MailInternet - fake Mail::Internet

INHERITANCE
 Mail::Message::Replace::MailInternet
   is a Mail::Message
   is a Mail::Reporter

SYNOPSIS
  # change
  use Mail::Internet;
  # into
  use Mail::Message::Replace::MailInternet;
  # in existing code, and the code should still work, but
  # with the Mail::Message features.

DESCRIPTION
This module is a wrapper around a Mail::Message, which simulates a Mail::Internet object. The name-space of that module is hijacked and many methods are added.

Most methods will work without any change, but you may need to have a look at your smtpsend() and send() calls.

Extends "DESCRIPTION" in Mail::Message.

OVERLOADED

METHODS
Extends "METHODS" in Mail::Message.

  Constructors
Extends "Constructors" in Mail::Message.

$obj->clone(%options)
    Inherited, see "Constructors" in Mail::Message

$obj->dup()
    Duplicate the message. The result will again be a Mail::Internet compatible object.

$obj->empty()
    Remove all data from this object. Very dangerous!

$class->new( [$arg], [%options] )
    Inherited, see "Constructors" in Mail::Reporter

     -Option    --Defined in     --Default
      Body                         undef
      FoldLength                   79
      Header                       undef
      MailFrom                     'KEEP'
      Modify                       false
      body        Mail::Message    undef
      body_type   Mail::Message    Mail::Message::Body::Lines
      deleted     Mail::Message    false
      field_type  Mail::Message    undef
      head        Mail::Message    undef
      head_type   Mail::Message    Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader
      labels      Mail::Message    +{}
      messageId   Mail::Message    undef
      message_id  Mail::Message    undef
      modified    Mail::Message    false
      trusted     Mail::Message    false

    Body => \@lines
        Array of "\n" terminated lines. If not specified, the lines will be read from $arg.

    FoldLength => $octets
        Number of characters (encoded $octets) permitted on any refolded header line. Passed to Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::new(FoldLength).

    Header => $head
        The Mail::Header object, which is passed here, is a fake one as well... It is translated into a new(head). If not given, the header will be parsed from the $arg.

    MailFrom => 'IGNORE'|'ERROR'|'COERCE'|'KEEP'
        What to do with leading ""From "" lines in e-mail data. Passed to Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::new(MailFrom).

    Modify => BOOLEAN
        Whether to re-fold all the incoming fields. Passed to Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::new(Modify).

    body => $object
    body_type => $class
    deleted => BOOLEAN
    field_type => $class
    head => $object
    head_type => $class
    labels => \@pairs|\%settings
    messageId => $id
    message_id => $id
    modified => BOOLEAN
    trusted => BOOLEAN

    » example: replace traditional Mail::Internet by this wrapper

      # was
      use Mail::Internet;
      my $mi = Mail::Internet->new(@options);

      # becomes
      use Mail::Message::Replace::MailInternet;
      my $mi = Mail::Internet->new(@options);

  Attributes
Extends "Attributes" in Mail::Message.

$obj->MailFrom( [STRING] )
    Your email address.

$obj->bodyType()
    Inherited, see "Attributes" in Mail::Message

$obj->fieldType()
    Inherited, see "Attributes" in Mail::Message

$obj->headType()
    Inherited, see "Attributes" in Mail::Message

$obj->messageId()
    Inherited, see "Attributes" in Mail::Message

  Constructing a message
Extends "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message.

$obj->add_signature( [$filename] )
    Replaced by sign(), but still usable. $filename is the file which contains the signature, which defaults to "$ENV{HOME}/.signature".

$obj->bounce( [<$rg_object|%options>] )
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Bounce

$class->build( [$message|$part|$body], @fields, %options )
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Build

$class->buildFromBody($body, [$head], $headers)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Build

$obj->extract(\@lines|$fh)
    Read header and body from an ARRAY or $fh

$obj->forward(%options)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$obj->forwardAttach(%options)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$obj->forwardEncapsulate(%options)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$obj->forwardInline(%options)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$obj->forwardNo(%options)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$obj->forwardPostlude()
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$obj->forwardPrelude()
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$obj->forwardSubject(STRING)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Forward

$any->read(\@lines|$fh, %options)
    Read header and body from the specified ARRAY or $fh. When used as object method, Mail::Message::read() is called, to be MailBox compliant. As class method, the Mail::Internet compatible read is called. %options are only available in the first case. Improves base, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Read

     -Option             --Defined in                    --Default
      body_type            Mail::Message::Construct::Read  undef
      parser_class         Mail::Message::Construct::Read  undef
      seekable             Mail::Message::Construct::Read  false
      strip_status_fields  Mail::Message::Construct::Read  true
      trusted              Mail::Message::Construct::Read  true

    body_type => $type
    parser_class => $type
    seekable => BOOLEAN
    strip_status_fields => BOOLEAN
    trusted => BOOLEAN
$obj->read_body(\@lines|$fh)
    Read only the message's body from the ARRAY or $fh.

$obj->read_header(\@lines|$fh)
    Read only the message's header from the ARRAY or $fh

$obj->rebuild(%options)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Rebuild

$obj->reply(%options)
    BE WARNED: the main job for creating a reply is done by Mail::Message::reply(), which may produce a result which is compatible, but may be different from Mail::Internet's version. Improves base, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Reply

     -Option         --Defined in                     --Default
      Bcc              Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  undef
      Cc               Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  <'cc' in current>
      Exclude                                           []
      From             Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  <'to' in current>
      Inline                                            >
      Keep                                              []
      Message-ID       Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  <uniquely generated>
      ReplyAll                                          <C<false>>
      Subject          Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  replySubject()
      To               Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  <sender in current>
      body             Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  undef
      group_reply      Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  true
      header_template                                   $ENV{HOME}/.mailhdr
      include          Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  'INLINE'
      max_signature    Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  10
      message_type     Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  Mail::Message
      postlude         Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  undef
      prelude          Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  undef
      quote            Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  '> '
      signature        Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  undef
      strip_signature  Mail::Message::Construct::Reply  qr/^--\s/

    Bcc => $body|$address|\@addresses
    Cc => $body|$address|\@addresses
    Exclude => \@names
        Remove the fields with the specified names from the produced reply message.

    From => $body|$address|\@addresses
    Inline => STRING
        Quotation STRING, which is translated into reply(quote). The normal default of "quote" is "> ", in stead of ">".

    Keep => \@names
        Copy all header fields with the specified NAMES from the source to the reply message.

    Message-ID => $field|$line
    ReplyAll => BOOLEAN
        Reply to the group? Translated into reply(group_reply), which has as default the exact oposite of this option, being "true".

    Subject => $field|$line|CODE
    To => $body|$address|\@addresses
    body => $body
    group_reply => BOOLEAN
    header_template => $filename|undef
        Read the return header from the template file. When this is explicitly set to "undef", or the file does not exist, then a header will be created.

    include => 'NO'|'INLINE'|'ATTACH'
    max_signature => INTEGER
    message_type => CLASS
    postlude => $body|\@lines
    prelude => $body|\@lines
    quote => CODE|STRING
    signature => $body|$message
    strip_signature => REGEXP|STRING|CODE
$obj->replyPrelude( [STRING|$field|$address|\@addrs|\@fields] )
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Reply

$any->replySubject(STRING)
    Inherited, see "Constructing a message" in Mail::Message::Construct::Reply

$obj->sign(%options)
    Add a signature (a few extra lines) to the message.

     -Option   --Default
      File       undef
      Signature  ''

    File => $filename
        Specifies a filename where the signature is in.

    Signature => STRING|\@lines
        The signature in memory.

  The message
Extends "The message" in Mail::Message.

$obj->container()
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->endsOnNewline()
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->isDummy()
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->isPart()
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->partNumber()
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->print( [$fh] )
    Prints the whole message to the specified $fh, which default to STDOUT. This calls Mail::Message::print(). Improves base, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->send($type, %options)
    Send via Mail Transfer Agents (MUA). These will be handled by various Mail::Transport::Send extensions. The "test" $type is not supported. Improves base, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->size()
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->toplevel()
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

$obj->write( [$fh] )
    Inherited, see "The message" in Mail::Message

  The header
Extends "The header" in Mail::Message.

$obj->add(\@lines)
    Add header lines, which simply calls Mail::Message::Head::add() on the header for each specified LINE. The last added LINE is returned.

$obj->bcc()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->cc()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->clean_header()
    Not to be used, replaced by header().

$obj->combine( $tag, [$with] )
    Not implemented, because I see no use for it.

$obj->date()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->delete( $name, [$index]] )
    Delete the fields with the specified $name. The deleted fields are returned.

    BE WARNED: if no $name is specified, the "delete" is interpreted as the deletion of the message in a folder, so Mail::Box::Message::delete() will be called. This may have no negative effect at all...

    Calls Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::delete() Improves base, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->destinations()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->fold( [$length] )
    Fold all the fields to a certain maximum $length. Implemented by Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::fold()

$obj->fold_length( [[$tag], $length] )
    Set the maximum line $length. $tag is ignored. Implemented by Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::fold_length()

$obj->from()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->get( $name, [$index] )
    Get all the header fields with the specified $name. In scalar context, only the first fitting $name is returned. Even when only one $name is specified, multiple lines may be returned: some fields appear more than once in a header. Calls Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::get() Improves base, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->guessTimestamp()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->head( [$head] )
    Returns the head of the message, or creates an empty one if none is defined. The $head argument, which sets the header, is not available for Mail::Internet, but is there to be compatible with the "head" method of Mail::Message. Improves base, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->header( [\@lines] )
    Optionally reads a header from the ARRAY of lines, and then returns those fields as array-ref nicely folded. Implemented by Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::header()

$obj->nrLines()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->print_header($fh)
    Calls Mail::Message::Head::Complete::print().

$obj->replace( $tag, $line, [$index] )
    Adds LINES to the header, but removes fields with the same name if they already exist. Calls Mail::Message::Replace::MailHeader::replace()

$obj->sender()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->study($fieldname)
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->subject()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->tidy_headers()
    No effect anymore (always performed).

$obj->timestamp()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

$obj->to()
    Inherited, see "The header" in Mail::Message

  The body
Extends "The body" in Mail::Message.

$obj->body($lines|@lines)
    Returns an ARRAY of lines, representing the body. With arguments, a new body will be created. In Mail::Internet, the body is not an object but a simple array.

    BE WARNED: this overrules the Mail::Message::body() method, which may cause some confusion. Use bodyObject() to get access to that body's data. Improves base, see "The body" in Mail::Message

$obj->bodyObject( [$body] )
    Calls Mail::Message::body(), because that "body" method is overruled by the one which has a Mail::Internet compatible interface.

$obj->contentType()
    Inherited, see "The body" in Mail::Message

$obj->decoded(%options)
    Inherited, see "The body" in Mail::Message

$obj->encode(%options)
    Inherited, see "The body" in Mail::Message

$obj->isMultipart()
    Inherited, see "The body" in Mail::Message

$obj->isNested()
    Inherited, see "The body" in Mail::Message

$obj->parts( [<'ALL'|'ACTIVE'|'DELETED'|'RECURSE'|$filter>] )
    Inherited, see "The body" in Mail::Message

$obj->print_body( [$fh] )
    Prints the body to the specified $fh, which defaults to STDOUT. This calls Mail::Message::Body::print().

$obj->remove_sig( [$nrlines] )
    Remove the signature of a message with a maximum of $nrlines lines, which defaults to 10. The work is done on the decoded body content, by Mail::Message::Body::stripSignature().

$obj->smtpsend(%options)
    This method is calling Mail::Message::send() via "smtp", which is implemented in Mail::Transport::SMTP. The implementation is slightly different, so this method is not 100% compliant.

     -Option  --Default
      Debug     false
      Hello     <helo_domain from Net::Config>
      Host      $ENV{SMTPHOSTS} or from Net::Config
      MailFrom  $ENV{MAILADDRESS} or $ENV{USER}
      Port      25

    Debug => BOOLEAN
    Hello => STRING
    Host => $hostname
        Only the first detected $hostname is taken, so differs from the original implementation.

    MailFrom => STRING
        Your e-mail address. This simulated Mail::Internet object does not try to create an e-mail address from the sendmail configuration file, because that is generally a bad idea in environments with virtual hosts, as we have now-adays.

    Port => INTEGER
$obj->tidy_body()
    Removes blank lines from begin and end of the body.

  Flags
Extends "Flags" in Mail::Message.

$obj->deleted( [BOOLEAN] )
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->isDeleted()
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->isModified()
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->label($label|PAIRS)
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->labels()
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->labelsToStatus()
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->modified( [BOOLEAN] )
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

$obj->statusToLabels()
    Inherited, see "Flags" in Mail::Message

  The whole message as text
Extends "The whole message as text" in Mail::Message.

$obj->as_mbox_string()
    Returns the whole message as one string, which can be included in an MBOX folder (while not using Mail::Box::Mbox). Lines in the body which start with "From " are escaped with an >.

$obj->file()
    Inherited, see "The whole message as text" in Mail::Message::Construct::Text

$obj->lines()
    Inherited, see "The whole message as text" in Mail::Message::Construct::Text

$obj->printStructure( [$fh|undef],[$indent] )
    Inherited, see "The whole message as text" in Mail::Message::Construct::Text

$obj->string()
    Inherited, see "The whole message as text" in Mail::Message::Construct::Text

  The nasty bits

$any->isa($class)
    Of course, the isa() class inheritance check should not see our nasty trick.

  Internals
Extends "Internals" in Mail::Message.

$obj->clonedFrom()
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$class->coerce($message)
    Coerce (adapt type) of the specified $message (anything Mail::Message::coerce() accepts) into an Mail::Internet simulating object. Improves base, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$obj->isDelayed()
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$obj->isTrusted()
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$obj->readBody( $parser, $head, [$bodytype] )
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$obj->readFromParser( $parser, [$bodytype] )
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$obj->readHead( $parser, [$class] )
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$obj->recursiveRebuildPart($part, %options)
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message::Construct::Rebuild

$obj->storeBody($body)
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

$obj->takeMessageId( [STRING] )
    Inherited, see "Internals" in Mail::Message

  Error handling
Extends "Error handling" in Mail::Message.

$obj->AUTOLOAD()
    Inherited, see "METHODS" in Mail::Message::Construct

$obj->notImplemented()
    Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Reporter

$any->shortSize( [$value] )
    Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Message

$obj->shortString()
    Inherited, see "Error handling" in Mail::Message

  Cleanup
Extends "Cleanup" in Mail::Message.

$obj->DESTROY()
    Inherited, see "Cleanup" in Mail::Reporter

$obj->destruct()
    Inherited, see "Cleanup" in Mail::Message

DETAILS
Extends "DETAILS" in Mail::Message.

DIAGNOSTICS

Error: Cannot include forward source as $kind.
    Unknown alternative for the forward(include). Valid choices are "NO", "INLINE", "ATTACH", and "ENCAPSULATE". Cast by forward()

Error: Mail::Internet does not support $what data.
    The data can only be a file handle or an ARRAY. Other data types are not supported (see read() if you want to have more). Cast by new()

Error: class $package does not implement method $method.
    Fatal error: the specific $package (or one of its superclasses) does not implement this method where it should. This message means that some other related classes do implement this method however the class at hand does not. Probably you should investigate this and probably inform the author of the package. Cast by notImplemented()

Error: method bounce requires To, Cc, or Bcc.
    The message bounce() method forwards a received message off to someone else without modification; you must specified it's new destination. If you have the urge not to specify any destination, you probably are looking for reply(). When you wish to modify the content, use forward(). Cast by bounce()

Error: method forwardAttach requires a preamble.
    Cast by forwardAttach()

Error: method forwardEncapsulate requires a preamble.
    Cast by forwardEncapsulate()

Error: method forwardNo requires a To.
    Cast by forwardNo()

Error: method forwardNo requires a body.
    Cast by forwardNo()

Error: no rebuild rule $name defined.
    Cast by rebuild()

Error: only build() Mail::Message's; they are not in a folder yet.
    You may wish to construct a message to be stored in a some kind of folder, but you need to do that in two steps. First, create a normal Mail::Message, and then add it to the folder. During this Mail::Box::addMessage() process, the message will get coerce()-d into the right message type, adding storage information and the like. Cast by build()

Error: select parts via '$what'?
    Cast by parts()

Warning: skipped unknown key '$key' in build.
    Cast by build()

SEE ALSO
This module is part of Mail-Message version 4.05, built on April 10, 2026. Website: http://perl.overmeer.net/mailbox/

LICENSE
For contributors see file ChangeLog.

This software is copyright (c) 2001-2026 by Mark Overmeer.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.