HIER(7)

NAME
hier - layout of filesystems

DESCRIPTION
A sketch of the filesystem hierarchy.

/   root directory of the filesystem

/bin/
    user utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments

/boot/
    programs and configuration files used during operating system bootstrap

    defaults/
        default bootstrapping configuration files; see loader.conf(5)
    kernel/
        pure kernel executable (the operating system loaded into memory at boot time) and loadable kernel modules; see kldstat(8)
    modules.local/
        local loadable kernel modules and wrapped external firmware images; see firmware(9)

/dev/
    block and character device files

    fd/ file descriptor files; see fd(4)

/etc/
    system configuration files and scripts

    autofs/
        shell scripts to implement special maps and directory services via autofs(5)
    bluetooth/
        bluetooth configuration files
    calendar/
        system-wide calendar(1) files
    defaults/
        default system configuration files; see rc(8)
    devd/
        hardware specific devd(8) configuration files
    dma/
        dma(8) configuration files
    localtime
        local timezone information; see ctime(3)
    mail/
        Sendmail control files
    mtree/
        mtree configuration files; see mtree(8)
    pam.d/
        configuration files for the Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) library
    periodic/
        scripts that are run daily, weekly, and monthly, via cron(8); see periodic(8)
    ppp/
        ppp configuration files; see ppp(8)
    rc.d/
        System and daemon startup/control scripts; see rc(8)
    ssh/
        OpenSSH configuration files; see ssh(1)
    ssl/
        LibreSSL configuration files
    upgrade/
        Files relevant to system upgrades

/home/
    HOME directories of non-root users

/lib/
    critical system libraries needed for binaries in /bin and /sbin

/libexec/
    critical system utilities needed for binaries in /bin and /sbin

/mnt/
    empty directory commonly used by system administrators as a temporary mount point

/net/
    automounted NFS shares; see auto_master(5)

/pfs/
    pseudo file system directory (on hammer(5) root file systems)

/proc/
    process file system; see procfs(5), mount_procfs(8)

/rescue/
    statically linked rescue tools, see initrd(7)

/root/
    root's HOME directory

/sbin/
    system programs and administration utilities fundamental to both single-user and multi-user environments

/sys/
    the kernel's source code (usually a symbolic link to /usr/src/sys)

/tmp/
    temporary files that are not guaranteed to persist across system reboots

/usr/
    contains the majority of user utilities and applications

    bin/
        common utilities, programming tools, and applications
    dports/
        The DragonFly dports(7) collection (optional).
    games/
        useful and semi-frivolous programs
    include/
        standard C include files

        arpa/
            C include files for Internet service protocols
        bus/
            C include files for programming various DragonFly buses
        c++/
            C++ include files
        compat/
            C include files for compatibility with code ported from other operating systems
        dev/
            C include files for programming various DragonFly devices
        libprop/
            C include files for libprop
        machine/
            machine-specific C include files
        net/
            misc network C include files
        netinet/
            C include files for Internet standard protocols; see inet(4)
        netinet6/
            C include files for Internet protocol version 6; see inet6(4)
        netsmb/
            SMB/CIFS requester
        pcap/
            Packet Capture (libpcap) headers; see pcap(3)
        protocols/
            C include files for Berkeley service protocols
        readline/
            get a line from a user, with editing; see readline(3)
        rpc/
            remote procedure calls; see rpc(3)
        rpcsvc/
            definition of RPC service structures; see rpc(3)
        security/
            PAM; see pam(3)
        sys/
            system C include files (kernel data structures)
        vfs/
            C include files for various file systems
        vm/ virtual memory; see vmstat(8)

    lib/
        archive libraries
    libdata/
        misc. utility data files
    libexec/
        system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)

        binutils227/

            bfd-plugins/
                linker plugins
            ldscripts/
                linker scripts; see ld(1)

        binutils234/

            bfd-plugins/
                linker plugins
            ldscripts/
                linker scripts; see ld(1)

        lpr/
            utilities and filters for LP print system; see lpr(1)

    local/
        local executables, libraries, etc. Also used as the default destination for the DragonFly dports(7) framework. Within local/, the general layout sketched out by hier for /usr should be used. Exceptions are the man directory (directly under local/ rather than under local/share/), ports documentation (in share/doc/<port>/), and /usr/local/etc (mimics /etc).
    obj/
        architecture-specific target tree produced by building the /usr/src tree
    sbin/
        system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
    share/
        architecture-independent files

        calendar/
            a variety of pre-fab calendar files; see calendar(1)
        dict/
            word lists; see look(1)

            web2
                words from Webster's 2nd International
            words
                common words
            papers/
                reference databases; see refer(1)

        doc/
            miscellaneous documentation

            legal/
                License files for vendor supplied firmware

        dsynth/
            dsynth(1) scripts
        examples/
            various examples for users and programmers
        games/
            ASCII text files used by various games
        i18n/
            internationalization databases; see iconv(3)
        info/
            GNU Info hypertext system
        libg++/
            libg++'s genclass prototype/template class files
        locale/
            localization files; see setlocale(3)
        man/
            manual pages
        misc/
            misc system-wide ASCII text files

            termcap
                terminal characteristics database; see termcap(5)

        mk/ templates for make; see make(1)
        nls/
            national language support files; see nls(7)
        sendmail/
            sendmail configuration files; see sendmail(8)
        skel/
            example . (dot) files for new accounts
        syscons/
            files used by syscons(4)

            fonts/
                console fonts; see vidcontrol(1) and vidfont(1)
            keymaps/
                console keyboard maps; see kbdcontrol(1) and kbdmap(1)
            scrnmaps/
                console screen maps

        tabset/
            tab description files for a variety of terminals; used in the termcap file; see termcap(5)
        terminfo/
            compiled terminfo(5) database files
        vi/ localization support and utilities for vi(1)
        zoneinfo/
            timezone configuration information; see tzfile(5)

    src/
        BSD, third-party, and/or local source files

        bin/
            source code for files in /bin
        contrib/
            source code for contributed software
        crypto/
            source code for contributed cryptography software
        etc/
            source code for files in /etc
        games/
            source code for files in /usr/games
        gnu/
            Utilities covered by the GNU General Public License
        include/
            source code for files in /usr/include
        lib/
            source code for files in /usr/lib
        libexec/
            source code for files in /usr/libexec
        nrelease/
            files required to produce a DragonFly release
        sbin/
            source code for files in /sbin
        share/
            source for files in /usr/share
        stand/
            source code for files in /boot
        sys/
            kernel source code
        tools/
            tools used for maintenance and testing of DragonFly
        usr.bin/
            source code for files in /usr/bin
        usr.sbin/
            source code for files in /usr/sbin

/var/
    multi-purpose log, temporary, transient, and spool files

    account/
        system accounting files

        acct
            execution accounting file; see acct(5)

    at/ timed command scheduling files; see at(1)

        jobs/
            directory containing job files
        spool/
            directory containing output spool files

    backups/
        misc. backup files
    crash/
        default directory to store kernel crash dumps; see crash(8) and savecore(8)
    cron/
        files used by cron; see cron(8)

        tabs/
            crontab files; see crontab(5)

    db/ misc. automatically generated system-specific database files
    empty/
        empty directory used by sshd(8) for privilege separation
    games/
        misc. game status and score files
    hammer/
        per PFS (pseudo file system) snapshots directory for hammer(5) file systems
    log/
        misc. system log files

        wtmpx
            login/logout log; see wtmpx(5)

    mail/
        user mailbox files
    msgs/
        system messages database; see msgs(1)
    preserve/
        temporary home of files preserved after an accidental death of an editor; see ex(1)
    quotas/
        filesystem quota information files
    run/
        system information files describing various info about system since it was booted

        dhcpcd/
            for storing files by dhcpcd(8) hooks
        ppp/
            writable by the “network” group for command connection sockets; see ppp(8)
        resolvconf/
            state directory for resolvconf(8)
        utmpx
            database of current users; see utmpx(5)
        sem/
            rendez-vous files for POSIX named semaphores; see sem_open(3)
        shm/
            files associated with POSIX shared memory objects; see shm_open(3)

    rwho/
        rwho data files; see rwhod(8), rwho(1), and ruptime(1)
    spool/
        misc. printer and mail system spooling directories

        dma/
            undelivered mail queue; see dma(8)
        ftp/
            commonly ~ftp; the anonymous ftp root directory
        mqueue/
            undelivered mail queue; see sendmail(8)
        output/
            line printer spooling directories

    tmp/
        temporary files that are kept between system reboots

        vi.recover/
            the directory where recovery files are stored

    yp/ the NIS maps

NOTES
This manual page documents the default DragonFly filesystem layout, but the actual hierarchy on a given system is defined at the system administrator's discretion. A well-maintained installation will include a customized version of this document.

SEE ALSO
apropos(1), find(1), finger(1), grep(1), ls(1), whatis(1), whereis(1), which(1), fsck(8)

HISTORY
A hier manual page appeared in AT&T UNIX.